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Q.1) How Counting Sort works? Counting sort maintains a separate array to count occurrences of each element and stores them in another array as per their sorted position which is calculates on the basis of occurrences. For example, if the first element is 12 and if it occurs 5 times in the unsorted collection then first 5 positions in the array will be assigned to 12....and so on. Counting sort needs largest number (key) value in the collection to create counting array. For e

Q.1) Define Stack. Stack is an ordered collection of elements into which new element can be inserted or existing element can be deleted from one end called as the top of the stack. Stack is a Last-in-First-Out (LIFO) or First-In-Last-Out (FILO) structure. Q.2) What are the application of Stack? Q.3) "Stack can be considered as a priority queue.". Comment. Stack can be considered as an Ascending Priority Queue with minimal waiting time before popping an element as it is Last-I

Q.1) What is the process of insertion sort? Insertion sort is an in-place sort in which sorted and unsorted data resides in the same array. In this sorting technique, next element is selected and inserted in the sorted part of array (sorted sub-array). This process continues till all elements get inserted in sorted subarray. Q.2) Sort Given integers using Insertion Sort : 32, 35, 12, 92, 86, 48, 37, 25 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 a[] 42 12 18 11 92 76 82 36 Pass 1 12 42 18 11 92 76 8

Q.1) What is the process of merge sort? Merge sort takes two unsorted subarray and combine them into single sorted array. Q.2) What is the advantage of merge sort? Merge sort is faster in sorting elements as it avoids Swapping (interchanges). It does not require all elements in memory, hence it is best suitable for virtual memory environment. (refer to quick sort for more on virtual memory) Q.3) What is an efficiency of merge sort? Merge sort requires O(nlogn) comparisons irr

Q.1) What is the working of Quick Sort? Quick Sort method sorts one element at a time. The element selected for sorting called pivot element will be placed in array at its proper position such that to the left of it all elements are smaller or equal and to the right all elements are greater (in case of ascending sorting). An array will be divided into two parts at sorted position of the pivot and sorting continues with sub - arrays by selecting pivot element. Q.2) What is th

Q.1) What are the critical operations for Bubble Sort? Comparison and Swapping are two critical operations for sorting. Bubble sort requires both comparison and swapping , hence it is least efficient. Q.2) What is the basic idea of Bubble Sort ? (How it sorts?) The bubble sort passes through the file(or array) sequentially several times. Each pass consists of comparing each element in the file with its successor (x[i] with x[i+1]) and interchanging the two elements if they

Three of the most important efficiency considerations while writing programs to solve problems are

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Q.1) ___________ function converts a string to all uppercase. Answer - strtoupper() Q.2) String values in PHP must be enclosed within ________ Answer :- double quotes or single quotes Q.3) _____________ function removes whitespace and other predefined characters from the left side of a string. Answer:- ltrim() Q.4) The _____________ function is used used to get the reverse version of any string Answer:- strrev() Q.5) The baseconvert() function is used to convert a ______

Q.1) PHP stands for _____________ Answer - Hypertext Preprocessor Q.2) PHP is a scripting language that runs at _____________ Answer - Server-side Q.3) The PHP var_dump() function returns the ___________. Answer - Value and Data Type both. Q.4) ___________ statement loops through a block of code for each element in an array. Answer - foreach Q.5) PHP array is an ___________ map and contains value on the basis of key. Answer:- ordered Q.6) _________function gets the name of th

Answer:- private Answer:- protected Answer:- public Answer:- abstract Answer:- final Answer:- native Answer:- new , constructor Answer:- static Answer:- strictfp Answer:- synchronized Answer:- transient Answer:- transient Answer:- volatile Answer:- instanceof Answer:- finally Answer:- throws Answer:- assert Answer:- super Answer:- this Answer:- public, protected, private Answer:- public, protected, default , private Answer:- public, default Answer:- default Answer:- final, ab

What is an Abstract class in Java? Abstract class can be used only for inheritance. It is not possible to create object of an abstract class even if, it has instance variables and constructor. But, references of abstract class can be used to derived class objects. Abstract class can have instance variables, constructors and other methods including static members. For Abstract class to be meaningful, it must have at-least one abstract method. But, this is not compulsion (means

What is signature of a function? Signature of a function identifies every function uniquely. It includes name of the function (method), list of parameters and their types. What is polymorphism? When the objects of different types has common behavior (method) but implementation of this behavior differs , it is called polymorphism. In other words, objects of different types may have same method but its implementation differs. For example, if we consider three classes Book, Per

public class Test { public static void main(String []args) { signed int x = 10; for (int y=0;y<5;y++, x++) System.out.print(" " + x); } } What is the result? (choose one) A. 10 9 8 7 6 B. 9 8 7 6 5 C. Compilation fails D. An exception is thrown at run time. Click here for Answer. A. method B. native C. subclasses D. reference E. array Click here for Answer. A. class, if, void, long, int , continue B. goto, instanceof, native, finally, default, throws C. try,